The name of the school is the insect of the genus Blattidae. Its common names are different, such as oil worms, stove ants, stove lice, etc. （see Figure 1）。 It is the most primitive chewing type winged insect, and it is also a common household-type sanitary pest. In addition to economic losses caused by stolen food, clothing, books, etc., the main hazard is the spread of disease. A variety of bacteria, viruses, parasite eggs, etc. have been isolated from the corpus callosum in various parts of China, which further confirms that cockroaches are closely related to human health.

 

　　Section 1 The biology and habits of cockroaches

 

　　The development of cockroaches is incomplete metamorphosis and is divided into three stages: egg, nymph and adult.

 

　　1. The history of life

 

　　1.1 Adult body The back of the body is flat, the head is small and inclined downwards, the body is shiny, the body color varies from species to species, and there are brown, reddish brown, light gray or gorgeous markings. The adult life span is about 2-8 months. Females are longer than males. Females usually only succumb to one end. Their life span is affected by temperature, nutrition and environmental conditions.

 

　　1.2 Nymphs The nymphs hatched from the egg pods are white, and the color gradually becomes darker. The nymph has no wings. The morphology and body size of nymphs vary from age to age. The nymphs are roughly similar in shape to adults except that the individual is small, the wings and reproductive organs are not fully developed. From nymphal development to adult worms usually go through 8-13 times of molting, and each time the skin grows up. The length of development varies from species to species. For example, the German cockroach takes about 80 days from egg to adult, and the black-breasted cockroach takes about 370 days. The length of life history is also related to temperature. For example, the German cockroach has a nymphal period of 147 days at 19 °C, and only 41.7 days at 31 °C.

 

　　1.3 Eggs The females usually start spawning after about 10 days of mating. female

 

　　When the worm lays eggs, it first secretes a gelatinous substance, so that the egg pod appears at the end of the abdomen, and then lays eggs in the egg pod. 10-40 eggs can be produced in each egg pod. Females can produce 8-10 eggs in their lifetime.

 

　　2. The ecological habits of cockroaches

 

　　There are about 4,000 species of cockroaches known worldwide, but most of them are wild species. According to the opinion of the World Health Organization （WHO） Committee of Experts on Vector Biology Control, cockroaches closely related to humans can be divided into five families, namely, Polygonaceae, Polygonaceae, Aphididae, Polyptera and Polygonaceae. And believe that German cockroaches are the most important pests in the world. There are 11 families, 48 ??genera and 168 species of cockroaches known in China, and the indoor species and their approximate species belong to 6 families （subfamilies） and 11 genera and 20 species.

 

　　2.1 Population Distribution  Originated in Africa, it has been brought to South America, Eastern Europe and South Asia through various means of transportation, and gradually spread to temperate regions and even cold regions in the north, becoming a worldwide sanitary pest. Temperature, humidity, food, water, and concealed habitats are essential for survival and reproduction. Therefore, they have almost entered all human activities. Because of the damage to the items and the spread of diseases, domestic and semi-dominant mites are important indoor sanitary pests today.

 

　　 is widely distributed in China, and most provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions are distributed. Due to different requirements for the living environment, different types of cockroaches are distributed differently, some species are spread all over the country, such as the American cockroach, black-breasted cockroach, German cockroach, and some are limited to certain areas, such as the Japanese cockroach. It is distributed in the cold regions of the north; Australia's giant salamander and brown spotted pelicans are mainly distributed in the southern subtropical region. There are 16 species officially named in the South, and only 6 in the North, significantly less than the South.

 

　　The altitude of the altitude also has an effect on the distribution of the raft. According to the survey results, the species of alfalfa decreased with the increase of altitude. The American cockroach and black-breasted cockroach can survive at an altitude of 1,650 meters, while the brown spot cockroach and the German cockroach live at a height of 1,200 meters. Found only 600 meters away.

 

　　2.2 Habits of Habits Indoor cockroaches are negative phototaxis insects. They are afraid of light. They often hide in dark corners such as furniture, cabinets and wall gaps during the day, which are not easy to be discovered. But near its habitat, it is often found that some small brown spots, which are its excrement, provide a reliable clue to the habitat of the cricket.

 

　　In the house, the main habitat is the gap between the kitchen wall, the cupboard, the table, the bottom of the pool, the cabinets for the garbage, and the coal pile. In the living room, the gaps in various furniture are also twin. Some cockroaches even drilled into the sewing machine, radio, television and behind the refrigerator.